API

EvoLinearRegressor(; kwargs...)

A model type for constructing a EvoLinearRegressor, based on EvoLinear.jl, and implementing both an internal API and the MLJ model interface.

Keyword arguments

• loss=:mse: loss function to be minimised. Can be one of:

  • :mse
  • :logistic
  • :poisson
  • :gamma
  • :tweedie

• nrounds=10: maximum number of training rounds.

• eta=1: Learning rate. Typically in the range [1e-2, 1].

• L1=0: Regularization penalty applied by shrinking to 0 weight update if update is < L1. No penalty if update > L1. Results in sparse feature selection. Typically in the [0, 1] range on normalized features.

• L2=0: Regularization penalty applied to the squared of the weight update value. Restricts large parameter values. Typically in the [0, 1] range on normalized features.

• rng=123: random seed. Not used at the moment.

• updater=:all: training method. Only :all is supported at the moment. Gradients for each feature are computed simultaneously, then bias is updated based on all features update.

• device=:cpu: Only :cpu is supported at the moment.

Internal API

Do config = EvoLinearRegressor() to construct an hyper-parameter struct with default hyper-parameters. Provide keyword arguments as listed above to override defaults, for example:

EvoLinearRegressor(loss=:logistic, L1=1e-3, L2=1e-2, nrounds=100)

Training model

A model is built using fit:

config = EvoLinearRegressor()
m = fit(config; x, y, w)

Inference

Fitted results is an EvoLinearModel which acts as a prediction function when passed a features matrix as argument.

preds = m(x)

MLJ Interface

From MLJ, the type can be imported using:

EvoLinearRegressor = @load EvoLinearRegressor pkg=EvoLinear

Do model = EvoLinearRegressor() to construct an instance with default hyper-parameters. Provide keyword arguments to override hyper-parameter defaults, as in EvoLinearRegressor(loss=...).

Training model

In MLJ or MLJBase, bind an instance model to data with mach = machine(model, X, y) where:

• X: any table of input features (eg, a DataFrame) whose columns each have one of the following element scitypes: Continuous, Count, or <:OrderedFactor; check column scitypes with schema(X)
• y: is the target, which can be any AbstractVector whose element scitype is <:Continuous; check the scitype with scitype(y)

Train the machine using fit!(mach, rows=...).

Operations

• predict(mach, Xnew): return predictions of the target given

features Xnew having the same scitype as X above. Predictions are deterministic.

Fitted parameters

The fields of fitted_params(mach) are:

• :fitresult: the EvoLinearModel object returned by EvoLnear.jl fitting algorithm.

Report

The fields of report(mach) are:

• :coef: Vector of coefficients (βs) associated to each of the features.
• :bias: Value of the bias.
• :names: Names of each of the features.

EvoSplineRegressor(; kwargs...)

A model type for constructing a EvoSplineRegressor, based on EvoLinear.jl, and implementing both an internal API and the MLJ model interface.

Keyword arguments

• loss=:mse: loss function to be minimised. Can be one of:

  • :mse
  • :logistic
  • :poisson
  • :gamma
  • :tweedie

• nrounds=10: maximum number of training rounds.

• eta=1: Learning rate. Typically in the range [1e-2, 1].

• L1=0: Regularization penalty applied by shrinking to 0 weight update if update is < L1. No penalty if update > L1. Results in sparse feature selection. Typically in the [0, 1] range on normalized features.

• L2=0: Regularization penalty applied to the squared of the weight update value. Restricts large parameter values. Typically in the [0, 1] range on normalized features.

• rng=123: random seed. Not used at the moment.

• updater=:all: training method. Only :all is supported at the moment. Gradients for each feature are computed simultaneously, then bias is updated based on all features update.

• device=:cpu: Only :cpu is supported at the moment.

Internal API

Do config = EvoSplineRegressor() to construct an hyper-parameter struct with default hyper-parameters. Provide keyword arguments as listed above to override defaults, for example:

EvoSplineRegressor(loss=:logistic, L1=1e-3, L2=1e-2, nrounds=100)

Training model

A model is built using fit:

config = EvoSplineRegressor()
m = fit(config; x, y, w)

Inference

Fitted results is an EvoLinearModel which acts as a prediction function when passed a features matrix as argument.

preds = m(x)

MLJ Interface

From MLJ, the type can be imported using:

EvoSplineRegressor = @load EvoSplineRegressor pkg=EvoLinear

Do model = EvoLinearRegressor() to construct an instance with default hyper-parameters. Provide keyword arguments to override hyper-parameter defaults, as in EvoSplineRegressor(loss=...).

Training model

In MLJ or MLJBase, bind an instance model to data with mach = machine(model, X, y) where:

• X: any table of input features (eg, a DataFrame) whose columns each have one of the following element scitypes: Continuous, Count, or <:OrderedFactor; check column scitypes with schema(X)
• y: is the target, which can be any AbstractVector whose element scitype is <:Continuous; check the scitype with scitype(y)

Train the machine using fit!(mach, rows=...).

Operations

• predict(mach, Xnew): return predictions of the target given

features Xnew having the same scitype as X above. Predictions are deterministic.

Fitted parameters

The fields of fitted_params(mach) are:

• :fitresult: the SplineModel object returned by EvoSplineRegressor fitting algorithm.

Report

The fields of report(mach) are:

• :coef: Vector of coefficients (βs) associated to each of the features.
• :bias: Value of the bias.
• :names: Names of each of the features.

fit(config::EvoLinearRegressor;
    x, y, w=nothing,
    x_eval=nothing, y_eval=nothing, w_eval=nothing,
    metric=:none,
    print_every_n=1)

Provided a config, EvoLinear.fit takes x and y as features and target inputs, plus optionally w as weights and train a Linear boosted model.

Arguments

• config::EvoLinearRegressor:

Keyword arguments

• x::AbstractMatrix: Features matrix. Dimensions are [nobs, num_features].

• y::AbstractVector: Vector of observed targets.

• w=nothing: Vector of weights. Can be be either a Vector or nothing. If nothing, assumes a vector of 1s.

• metric=nothing: Evaluation metric to be tracked through each iteration. Default to nothing. Can be one of:

  • :mse
  • :logistic
  • :poisson_deviance
  • :gamma_deviance
  • :tweedie_deviance

fit(config::EvoSplineRegressor; x_train, y_train, x_eval = nothing, y_eval = nothing)

Train a splined linear model.

gamma_deviance(p, y)
gamma_deviance(p, y, w)

Gamma deviance evaluation metric. 𝐷 = 2 * (log(μ/y) + y/μ - 1)

Arguments

• p: predicted value. Assumes that p is on a projected basis (ie. in the [0-Inf] range).
• y: observed target variable.
• w: vector of weights.

logloss(p, y)
logloss(p, y, w)

Logloss evaluation metric. ylog(p) + (1-y)log(1-p)

Arguments

• p: predicted value. Assumes that p is on a projected basis (ie. in the [0-1] range).
• y: observed target variable.
• w: vector of weights.

mae(p, y)
mae(p, y, w)

Mean absolute error evaluation metric.

Arguments

• p: predicted value.
• y: observed target variable.
• w: vector of weights.

mse(p, y)
mse(p, y, w)

Mean squared error evaluation metric.

Arguments

• p: predicted value.
• y: observed target variable.
• w: vector of weights.

poisson_deviance(p, y)
poisson_deviance(p, y, w)

Poisson deviance evaluation metric. 𝐷 = 2 * (y * log(y/p) + p - y)

Arguments

• p: predicted value. Assumes that p is on a projected basis (ie. in the [0-Inf] range).
• y: observed target variable.
• w: vector of weights.

tweedie_deviance(p, y)
tweedie_deviance(p, y, w)

Tweedie deviance evaluation metric. Fixed rho (ρ) of 1.5. 𝐷 = 2 * (y²⁻ʳʰᵒ/(1-rho)(2-rho) - yμ¹⁻ʳʰᵒ/(1-rho) + μ²⁻ʳʰᵒ/(2-rho))

Arguments

• p: predicted value. Assumes that p is on a projected basis (ie. in the [0-Inf] range).
• y: observed target variable.
• w: vector of weights.